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PK[ V||READMEnuW+AContents -------- Introduction Dependencies Features Mini-documentation Where to get more information Reporting problems Introduction ------------ GNU Midnight Commander (also referred to as MC) is a user shell with text-mode full-screen interface. It can be run on the OS console, in xterm and other terminal emulators. GNU Midnight Commander allows you to manage files while making most of you screen and giving you a clear representation of the filesystem, yet it's simple enough to be run over a telnet or ssh session. GNU Midnight Commander is released under the GNU General Public License version 2.0 or any later version. A copy of the file is included with this distribution package. Dependencies ------------ To compile the GNU Midnight Commander, you need to have a copy of the glib library version 2.8.x or newer, available at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/glib/ Please read the file INSTALL for installation instructions and full list of dependencies. Features -------- GNU Midnight Commander was conceived as a free clone of John Socha's Norton Commander (TM). It also takes the best from more recent software with similar interfaces. GNU Midnight Commander comes with mouse support on xterm and optionally on the Linux console. Some features are specific to the POSIX environment MC runs on, some are familiar to the users of similar software for other operating systems. The features include: * Built in Virtual File System: manipulate remote file systems through the FTP and SMB protocols or over secure shell, browse contents of tar, ar, rpm, zip, cpio, lha and rar archives just like local files. * Almost all operations work with the virtual file system, enabling you to do complex tasks, like viewing files in archives on an FTP server. * Mouse support on most terminal emulators for X Window System as well as on the Linux console. * Learn Keys: GNU Midnight Commander may be configured at run time to support any kind of input keys for a given terminal, making its operation possible even on most weird terminals. * Text and hex editors are available for you to use (hex editor is a part of the viewer). * Hotlist allows you to keep a list of common visited locations, including remote sites and directories inside archives. * Command completion: By pressing Alt-Tab in any place where a filename or an executable are expected, GNU Midnight Commander will complete the name for you. If you press Alt-Tab for the second time, you get a list box with all possible completions. * Subshell support: Run your commands by a real shell interpreter. GNU Midnight Commander interacts with bash, tcsh and zsh to provide you with all of the facilities available in your preferred shell. * Find file command can search for the file contents. * Background operations allow you to copy or move files from any virtual file system while you do other tasks (i.e., you can do background FTP copies). * FTP proxy is supported. * Linux file recovery: If you are using Linux, you can recover deleted files from an ext2 or ext3 partition with the undelete file system. This is a low level file recovery function that can recover files deleted by any program on Linux. * External panelization: You can run any arbitrary external command and GNU Midnight Commander will display the output generated as a file listing that can be manipulated as a regular directory. * Emacs-like key bindings are used in all widgets. * Context dependent actions (open, view, edit) are available. * The built-in file viewer, together with the context dependent actions is used to format man pages on the fly, coloring mail messages and more. * The built-in editor supports syntax highlighting and external actions, such as spell checking and formatting. Mini-documentation ------------------ These are hints for the text mode edition: * Use the F-Keys for invoking the commands in the function key bar. If your terminal doesn't support F-keys, you can use the sequence to invoke the corresponding F-digit key. * Tab changes the current panel. * All input lines have emacs-like key-bindings (command history is accessed through the M-p and M-n keys). * The panels accept C-n, C-p for browsing the panel (like in Emacs). * M-Enter copies the currently selected file name to the input line. * M-Tab completes the current word (or tries to). * The Virtual File System is a cute addition to the project, you may browse in tar and compressed tar files as well as browsing remote machines with the mcfs file system. * Please read the manual page. You can access the whole documentation online with the F1 key, although it's not as nice as the groff printed manual page :-) Where to get more information ----------------------------- There is a webpage for GNU Midnight Commander at http://www.midnight-commander.org/ This page also has current information about mailing lists and some useful advices how to report bugs. You can download the latest version of GNU Midnight Commander from http://www.midnight-commander.org/downloads/ Reporting problems ------------------ You can report bug on our site, please read http://midnight-commander.org/wiki/defectReports Also you can use mc mailing lists to discuss problems. There are two mailing lists, mc@gnome.org and mc-devel@gnome.org. Use mc-devel@gnome.org if you are prepared for a more technical discussion with the developers of the package, otherwise use mc@gnome.org. Please don't sent HTML e-mail to either of those mailing lists. Include the output of "mc --version", the operating system and the distribution (if applicable) you are using, the compiler and the configure flags used to compile the program (if you know them). If the program crashed and produced a core dump, please provide a stack trace of the program. You can do this by running gdb like this: gdb mc core (gdb) where PK[L>GNEWSnuW+AVersion 4.7.0.2 - Core * Minimal required GLib version is 2.8 (#1980) * Reorganizing of directory structure (#1866) * States of all 'Find File' dialog checkboxes are saved in user configuration file (#1874, #1965) * New file type bindings: - viewing .lyx with lyxcat, opening with lyx (#1693) - VFS * Small reorganizing (#1931) - Editor * Some simple optimization of syntax highlighting engine (#1843) * New editor action 'Mark all', new keybind EditMarkAll (#1945) * Changed default for 'Cursor beyond EOL', now it switched off by default (#1946) * Changed default color pair for 'editbold' (search result) to be more sensible (#1559). - Misc * Lots of code cleanup (#1780, #1915, #1990) * Removed obsolete checks in configuration scripts (#262, #1932) * Documentation updates * Translation updates - Fixes * MC won't compile on Solaris due to undefined constant NAME_MAX (#1943) * MC won't compile on AIX (#1957) * Missing includes (#1930) * Missing printf format (#1960) * Memory and file descriptors leaks (#1953) * Small error in versioning (#1905) * Segfault in input line history (#1936) * MC crashes on exit when using C locale (#1942) * Assertion failed for g_array_free (#1954) * Broken transparency if MC is built with NCurses (#1657) * Selections not visible on monochrome terminals (#1972) * Colors of visible inactive menu (#1702) * Incorrect input line length in 'Edit symlink' dialog window (#1955) * Unquoted shell variables in used menus (#1967) * Incorrecy movement in last line in editor (moving cursor to the empty last line) (#1956) * Incorrect editor lock files check (#1935) * Segfault at try of edit (F4) archives with utf-8 names (x86_64 specified) (#1982) * Viewer in QuickView mode corrupts screen (#1918, #1944) * MC crashes if file name in archves contain '@' symbol (#1605) * deba and debd VFS: items from DEBIAN directory are not accessible (#1920) * Samba is not built with tcc (#1933) * Incorrect conditional compilation of mcserver (#1925) Version 4.7.0.1 - Fixes * Fixed double free of memory in editor; * Fixed build with --disable-vfs option; * Fixed compile warnings about unused variables; * Fixed Fedora/RH RPM versioning scheme. Version 4.7.0 - Core * Removed charset confirmation on startup and added the automatic recognize of system charset (#1613) * Some startup speed up (#1781) * Save flags of select/unselet file group (#1776) * Don't set TOSTOP attribute on slave terminal (#1637) * Keybindings for button bars (F1-F10 keys) (#212) * Keybindings for Tree widget * Enlarged sizes of Directory Tree dialog window * Added missed esc sequencies for qansi terminals (#1803) * New file type bindings: + adeed mkv, 3gp video types + use exif(1) output when viewing jpeg files + opening .chm with kchmviewer with fallback to xchm + viewing .mo files with msgunfmt - VFS * FISH: add the user name to the ssh command line only if it's not the same as the local logged-in user (#1867) * FTP: support active mode (#1796) * FTP: improved symlink handling * FTP: some FTP-servers don't have chmon support. Ignore FTP errors related to chmod operations (#1708) * EXTFS: added S3 backend by Jakob Kemi (#272) * SFS: use single script for RPM and SRPM packets handling (#1590) - Editor * New syntax files: Cabal * Updated syntax files: Python, PHP * Syntax highlighting: added '.hh' and '.hpp' file extensions as C++ sources - Misc * Lots of code cleanup and optimization * Workaround for SunStudio compiler bug #6888373 (#1749) * Removed obsolete checks in configuration scripts * Allow save empty value in history (#1814) * Use ctrl-g instead of ctrl-c for SIGINT signal (#1876). * RPM spec: rewritten and simplified static build procedure for legacy distros (#1848) * Translation updated * Documentation updates * Added skin: darker color style (#1659) - Fixes * Memory and file descriptors leaks * Crash on start if ~/.mc/panels.ini contains incorrect value of 'sort_order' key (#1790) * MC aborts when ctrl-c is pressed (#1793) * Build w/o internal editor (#1826) * Compilation warings of --disable-nls and --disable-charset options (#1831) * Incorrect handling of '--with-search-engine' configure option (#1396) * Segmentation fault when search in different encodings (#1858) * C-w does not delete whole command line (#407) * Wrong shortcuts in menu items (#1836) * Panels state saves and restores despite disabled 'Auto save setup' (#1663) * Case insensitive file sorting in UTF-8 locales (#1536) * Incorrect handling of 0xFF char that is valid char in CP1251 locale (#1883) * Segfault in TreeView loading (#1794) * Incorect stat info of ".." directory in file panel (#1757) * Incorect stat info of ".." directory in info panel (#1757) * Setting "Use passive mode over proxy" is not remembered (#1746) * CK_Edit_Save_Mode command handling in editor (#1810) * Incorrect calculation of some utf-8 characters width (#1768) * Handling CJK chars in editor (#1628) * Incorrect cursor positioning in editor (#1809, #1884) * Vertical block handling in editor (#1839) * Incorrect text scrolling in editor (#1877) * Incorrect mouse movement in editor when text scrolled to the right (#1792) * Newlines are lost when pasting multiline text in editor (#1710) * Mismatched hotkeys EditBeginRecordMacro, EditEndRecordMacro in editor * Mismatched hotkeys EditBeginningOfText, EditEndOfText, EditBeginPage, EditEndPage (#1724) * Some syntax files are not installable (#1779) * Date & time insertion in editor (#1759) * "Matches not found" message is not shown in viewer * Hangup after search in archive in viewer (#1873) * SFS: CPIO VFS skips empty directories in the root of archive (#1732) * Incorrect parsing FTP-string (#1605) * LZMA files detect (#1798) * FISH: broken filenames and timestamps on really poor busybox devices (#1450) * Minor mistakes and mistypes in man files * Various doxygen warnings Version 4.7.0-pre4 - Core * Added feature of sort files by mouse click on column header * Added keybindings to change files sort type via shortcuts (PanelSelectSortOrder, PanelToggleSortOrderPrev, PanelToggleSortOrderNext, PanelReverseSort, PanelSortOrderByName, PanelSortOrderByExt, PanelSortOrderBySize, PanelSortOrderByMTime) * Now the letter of sort type and sort direction is always drawn in panel header (direction of sort is drown near the current sort column in long file list mode only) * Skin-files: added new parameters 'sort-sign-up' and 'sort-sign-down' in the section '[widget-common]' to draw sign of sort direction * Added option 'extensions_case' in filehighlight.ini file. * Menu engine was reimplemented: 1) now menu is build dynamically, 2) shortcut displayed in menu item is not a part of menu item text and it is synchronized with keybinding defined in mc.keymap file (#1563). - VFS * Fixed view *.tar files with a colon in name * Allow 'exit' command on non-local filesystems * Added partial support of Microsoft CAB-archives * Added support of ico files * Added support of *.djvu files * Fix segfaults in various cases while browsing various VFSs * Fixed warnings when file copy inside archive. - Editor * Added scrolled percentage in status bar (only in "simple statusbar" mode) * Fixed Misbehaving rectangular select in editor (wrong when selected from right to left and/or bottom to top) * Split editor menu 'Command' to 'Command' and 'Format' * Added option 'Check POSIX new line' into 'Save mode...' dialog, add notification before save when no newline at EOF (#46) * Added bindings ('EditShiftBlockLeft', 'EditShiftBlockRight') for shift block * Fixed incorrect drawing CJK (double width) character - Viewer * Fixed tabs alignment (#1664) * Fixed view of next/prev file (#1750) - Misc * Shared clipboard for the mc editor, form fields, panel and command prompt * Refactoring: now all filename constants are placed in src/fileloc.h file * Testing & development: added ability for change user config dir. For example, type make CFLAGS='-DMC_USERCONF_DIR=\".mc2\"' * Changed Alt+Backspace behavior in command line - Fixes * Fixed broken building under uclibc <0.9.29 * Autoindent regression * Viewer Hex editor regression * Incorrect indentation block when selecting with F3 + keys * Fixed ownership of config files * Configure.ac: fix broken check of option '--disable-vfs-undelfs' * Learn keys: fixed incorrect save of keys configuration * Fixed bug with 'The shell is already running a command' * Fixed 'B' artefact into OpenSuse console of root user Version 4.7.0-pre3 - Core * removed own popt stuff (command line options parser). Now used glib parser * added feature for filenames highlighting in panels * Copy/Move overwrite query dialog is more friendly for long file names * at first run find file dialog now contain latest item from history * charset support enabled by default (--enable-charset option) * added support of skins * added support of key bindings - VFS * fixed recognize of tar.xz archives * added recognize of lzma archives by extention - Editor * 'Save as' dialog enhancement: select line break type: Windows/UNIX/Mac (CR LF/LF/CR) * syntax hightlighting updated: VerilogHDL, Shell script * Added syntax highlighting for *.repo files of yum * Added syntax highlighting of pacman's PKGBUILD and .install files - Viewer * Fixed showing Windows/Mac (CR LF/CR) line terminator - Misc * hotlist: support for environment variables ($HOME, ~username, etc.) * hotlist: support for completion in path input * all list widgets: support for fast navigation by number keys (i.e. 1 - first list item, 2 - second) - Fixes * restored action of 'ctrl-t' keybinding (mark files&dirs). For selecting charset use 'alt-e' * segfault on incorrect color pair in [Color] section * incorrect position of panel codeset dialog * limit of 9 digits for of file size display * lines drawing in -a stickchars mode * segfault when you try to use non-anonymous FTP * Ctrl-O handling under GNU Screen in altscreen mode * support of CP866 (IBM866) locale * configure.ac: checking for minimal version of glib and exit if version less than 2.6 * segfault by mouse wheel action in history list and menu * Fixed behvior with Meta+PgDn? in editor * Fixed behvior with cursor movement by Ctrl+arrows when cursor besides EOL * Fixed editor autocompleting * Fixed Copy/Move dialogs steal Kill Word shortcut * Fixed autoconf issue when configure with --with-gpm-mouse option Version 4.7.0-pre2 - Core * cycle menu navigation * change behaviour of C-space, now it calculate size on "..", and for selected dirs if there is one. * new find file option: find only first hit in file (make search faster) * new find file option: Whole words - find whole words only * scalable TUI - VFS * FTPFS: support of IPv6 protocol * extfs/iso9660 updated to support Joliet "UCS level 1" - Editor * new search/replace flag added "In selection" * new hotkeys for bookmarks, now bookmark displayed in state line and editor * new cursor behavior. Option "Cursor beyond end of line" - allow moving cursor beyond the end of line * new syntax hightlights added: erlang, ebuild, named, strace, j * syntax hightlights updated: mail, vhdl, html - Viewer * Reworked for improve perfomance * Implemented interruptable long-distance movements * splitted src/view.[ch] into many files in src/viewer/ subdir for more simple support of code * fixed build of format string in runtime (for better i18n) * add 'Whole words' option into the viewer 'Search' dialog - Misc * new option mouse_close_dialog, if mouse_close_dialog=1 click on outside the dialog close them * new: SI-based size show * make shared history for find file, editor search/replace, viever - Fixes * linking error with --enable-vfs-undelfs * external editor won't open if there are spaces in EDITOR variable * C-c kill mc if mc built with --without-subshell option is run with -d option * directory hotlist rendering * segfault on empty replace string * fixes for vfs/tarfs * removing bashizm from vfs/extfs/u7z * crash mc on create new file (Shift-F4) in external editor * File copy/move dialog: in replacement field now handled asterisks as search groups * VFS: Fixed SIGSERV(or heap corruption) on large filenames * Fixed broken backward search * Fixed uninitialised value for mouse event in in find.c#check_find_events() function * Fixed ctrl+z signal handling * Fixed incorrect showing prompt * Fixed incorrect vertical selection (if line state swiched on) * Fixed screen resize handle if mouse support is disabled * Restore correct current directory after switch from Info panel to List one * Fixed mouse support in 'konsole-256color' terminal * Fixed keycodes in 'xterm-256color' terminal * Fixed incorrect regexp search by content in 'file find' dialog * Fixed incorrect backwards search * Fixed incorrect detection of compressed patchfs * Fixed incorrect detecting codeset when codeset selected Version 4.7.0-pre1 - Core * native UTF-8 support * filenames charset selection support in panels * new 'Find File' dialog * new unified search/replace engine with search types: Plain, Wildcard, Regexp, Hex * extended learn keys * locale based codepage autodetection * initial support for doxygen generated docs * refresh of autoconf stuff * translation updates * x86_64 fixes - Editor * various editor enchancements (vertical block marking/moving/copy/paste) * navigate across source code through ctags/etags TAGS file * new option 'Persistent selection' * Del/Backspace - delete selected block if 'Persistent selection' switched off * shift block right with TAB key by TAB size or TAB symbol, shift block left with COMPLETE key if 'Persistent selection' switched off * optional showing of line numbers * various syntax files updates * optional highlighting of the tabs and trailing spaces * add some hot-keys - Misc * showing of the free space on current file system * showing of the size selected files in mini-status bar - Fixes * editor's undo fixes * many fixes from other distributions are included * fish handling for symlinks is fixed * escaping of fancy names is fixed * segfault in fish permission checks is fixed * various mc.ext fixes * commandline completion fixes (mainly, escaping hadling) * small fixes in history handling (locale independent .mc/history entries) * code cleanups, various memleak/etc fixes (many thanks to valgrind) Version 4.6.2 - MC Core - Changed HQ url to point to new website www.midnight-commander.org (Closes: #137, #138) - Added a micro helper library in order to go slowly avay from glib (Closes: #157) - Use static strings as section entries in ~/.mc/history WARNING!: This will break old files (Closes: #50) - Fixed a repaint issue when clicking on the "View" Button instead of using F3 (Closes: #35) - Removed obsolete autoconf macros (Closes: #133) - Fix escaping for command line completion (Closes: #147) - prevent mc from segfaulting when getting invalid timestamps on files (Closes: #96) - Fixed a keybord issue when running mc via a putty console (Closes: #203) - setted pty fd to closeonexec (on subshell) (Closes: #174) - Fixed file renames, when copying/moving is performed into deleted directories. (Closes: #181) - Add an option to show executables first in the panels (Closes: #173) - Fixed concat_dir_and_file if there is a parameter = NULL (Closes: #180) - Allow out-of-tree builds (Closes: #224, #208) - Editor - Syntax highlighting for: + debian files (debian/changelog, debian/control, debian/copyright, ..) (Closes: #142) + updated sh syntax highlighting (Closes: #143) + updated pascal syntax highlighting (Closes: #65) + differentiate between c and cpp files for highlighting (Closes: #16) + updated python highlighting to support python 2.6 (Closes: #216) - Removed some unneeded variables (Closes: #168, #151) - Do use a ro test if a file exists (Closes: #206) - Fixes some missbehaviour in regex matching (Closes: #207, #211 ) + start at front of line and not on cursor position + . shouldn't match a newline - VFS - Fix some bashisms in some extfs scripts (Closes: #146) - Fixed various problems with symlinks and files with chars which needs escaping over fish (Closes: #10, #87, #149, #53) - Added 7zip extfs descriptor (Closes: #92) - Switched from o3totxt to odf2txt as o3totxt is outdated (Closes: #218) - Locale - Updated german translation (Closes: #167) - New Belarussian translation (Closes: #170) - Updated russian translation (Closes: #159) Version 4.6.2-pre1. - Editor. - Prompt the user whether to detach a hardlinked file in "Quick save" mode. - Fix a bug which prevented the editor from creating a lock file in certain scenarios (bug #13673). - New shortcut - Ctrl+S. Allows the user to toggle syntax highlighting. - Allow the user to override the automatic syntax highlighting. - Duplicate hotkey fixes. - VFS. - extfs: Do not hang waiting for user input on password protected .rar archives. - extfs: Do not leave stale temporary files. - extfs: Add support for ALZip archives. - extfs: Properly retrieve the filesize of very large files stored inside a .zip archive. - extfs: Various quoting fixes. - extfs: Various improvements in deb, iso9660, mailfs, rpm, trpm. - fish: Fix uploading of files with backtick characters in their names. - fish: Improve upload speed. - fish: Allow for retrieving files larger than 2 GB. - fish: Enable reget functionality. - fish: Use numerical uid/gid when retrieving the directory listing. - ftpfs: Allow for entering non-readable directories. - ftpfs: Allow the user to interrupt the connection establishment. - ftpfs: Enable reget functionality. - ftpfs: `first_cd_then_ls' is the default mode for retrieving directory contents now. - tarfs: Add support for long filenames as stored in ustar format archives. - tarfs: Allow for working with archives conforming to POSIX.1-2001 standard Version 4.6.1. - Core functionality. - Bash < 2.05b no longer supported. For usage with bash < 2.05b fix subshell_name_quote() to use 3-digit octals. Version 4.6.1. - Core functionality. - Device numbers are displayed correctly. - Improved message formatting for i18n. - Recursive option added for internal grep. - Viewer. - Almost completely rewritten internal viewer. - mmap(2) support removed from internal viewer. - VFS. - Fixed device number handling. - zipfs can handle zip files that contain pathnames starting with "./". - Passive FTP over proxies is possible. - Miscellaneous. - Code cleanup in various places Version 4.6.1-pre5. - Core functionality. - Fix double free in mc_maybe_editor_or_viewer(). - Do not blindly cleanup in exit_subshell(). - Fix blocking of panel cd-ing with white space command. - Fix mini status after first Ctrl-O. - Fix dynamic loading of Photon library for shift keys. - Security. - See also VFS. - Portability. - Added configuration files for Sun Solaris pkgmk(1). - Editor. - Fix position save bug. - Improve c.syntax. - Improve makefile.syntax. - Improve python.syntax. - Improve eiffel.syntax. - Improve syntax.syntax. - Viewer. - Add .7z archives extensions to mc.ext.in. - Add OpenOffice.org 2 extensions to mc.ext.in. - Recognize both .udeb and .deb as Debian packages. - Screen libraries. - Backport S-Lang fixes from HEAD. - VFS. - Extensive samba cleanup. - Fix possible crash on broken cpio archives. - Quote fixes in urar.in. - Translations. - Updated translations: German. - Updated translations: Italian. Version 4.6.1-pre4. - Core functionality. - Fix X11 connection handling. - Editor. - Add syntax file for the x86 assembler. - Add syntax file for the Vision(tm) Ray Tracer. - Add syntax file for the CORBA IDL. - Add syntax file for the LUA programming language. Version 4.6.1-pre3. - Core functionality. - Improve support for tcsh. - Translations. - Updated translations: Spain. Version 4.6.1-pre2. Release candidate for 4.6.1. - Security. - Fixed CAN-2004-0226 (buffer overflows). - Fixed CAN-2004-0231 (unsafe temporary file and directory creation). - Fixed CAN-2004-0232 (format string vulnerablities). - cons.saver does not need to be setuid-root on Linux. - Hiding of FTP passwords. - Portability. - PC port has been removed. - Support for SCO UNIX has been removed. - Improve support for QNX Neutrino. - Core functionality. - Use 8bit input as default. - Better support for '@' in FTP usernames. - Better large file support (int -> off_t) - Add gnome, rxvt and xterm-new terminals (keyword copy for mc.lib). - Make the find dialog more responsive while scanning through large files. - Add implementation to cons.handler for FreeBSD 4.x and 5.x. - Screen saving is now supported on FreeBSD console. - Hide temporary commands from history. - Add --with-glib12 option to configure to force using glib 1.2.x. - Add --disable-background option to disable background support. - Background support now uses pipes instead of UNIX sockets. - libX11 is loaded dynamically using gmodule if possible. - User is warned if one mc is run from another. - Screen libraries. - Add many boundary check into internal slang library. - Internal slang upgrade to 1.4.9. - Increased maximum screen size to 512 x 512. - Add support for qansi-m terminals. - Editor. - Fix bugs for mcedit compiled with ncurses. - New status string format in mcedit. - Support for large syntax files. - Temporarily disable safe save and backups on remote VFS because it doesn't work. - Enable user menu in mcedit. - Add syntax file for the ASP.NET technology. - Add syntax file for the Eiffel programming language. - Add syntax file for the Ruby programming language. - Add syntax file for the C# programming language. - Upgrade php.syntax file. - Improve sql.syntax file. - Improve perl.syntax. - Improve diff.syntax. - Improve makefile.syntax. - Add "define" keyword for syntax files. - VFS. - Full audit of quoting of parameters in vfs scripts (CAN-2004-0494). - Fixed CAN-2003-1023 (stack overflow in vfs_s_resolve_symlink). - Various fixes in tar.c. - VFS supports iso9660 images. - Translations. - New translations: Mongolian, Serbian and Lithuanian. - Updated translations: Ukrainian, Italian, Hungarian. Version 4.6.0. - Core functionality. - Fixed infinite loop under xterm if xterm is forcedly closed. - Portability. - ncurses can be found even if it's renamed to curses (OpenBSD). - Warning fixes for 64-bit systems. Version 4.6.0-pre3. Another release candidate for 4.6.0. - Core functionality. - ".." is no longer shown in the root directory. - Fixed segmentation fault when processing truncated section header in the corrupted initialization file. - Screen libraries. - Fixed incorrect processing of AltGr on Linux console introduced in -pre2. - Documentation. - Fixed a bug in man2hlp that could randomly prevent correct generation of the help files. - Added manual page for mcview. Version 4.6.0-pre2. Release candidate for 4.6.0. - Security. - mc now creates its own temporary directory /tmp/mc-$USER. If it fails or permissions are wrong, the user is warned. - Portability. - mc now complies with the Filesystem Hierarchy Standard and uses @prefix@/share/mc for the data files. - Support for glib 2.0.x has been added. - glib 1.2 is now properly detected on FreeBSD. - Core functionality. - Fixed segmentation fault when displaying messages from background operations. - When using support for setting the last working directory of mc in the parent shell, "mc" is now an alias in all shells, not a function. The "-P" option needs an argument now. - Alt-O sets the same directory on the other panel. - Current directory is shown in the xterm window title. - Screen libraries. - Screen library is now selected by the option --with-screen. - X11 support is enabled by default, use --without-x to disable. - The keycode now contains information about all screen modifiers. This allows to implement more shortcuts, but this work has just begun. - Included S-Lang library has been updated to version 1.4.5. - Mouse wheel is supported in the internal editor and viewer in xterm compatible terminals that implement wheel events. - Editor. - Internal editor now saves the cursor position in the file. - New syntax rules - RPM specfile, m4. - Editor shows control characters in the caret notation. - VFS. - Most extfs scripts have been reviewed and improved. - Fixed viewing and editing files on mcfs. - Support for termnet and HSC firewall has been removed. - Documentation. - Polish manual has been added. Version 4.6.0-pre1. - Security release. Massive code cleanup. Most improvements didn't need any significant amount of the new code. - Security. - Fixes for remotely exploitable buffer overflows in VFS. - Ports and editions. - GNOME edition has been removed. - OS/2 port has been removed. - MAD (Memory Allocation Debugger) has been removed. - Core functionality. - Large file support enabled by default. - Shift-F5 and Shift-F6 copy and rename like F5 and F6, but suggest the selected filename as the destination. - File search with contents doesn't use external egrep. - Directories with many files are now reloaded much faster. - Subshell works under Cygwin. - Screen libraries. - Improved support for ncurses. - Dropped support for the old Curses library. - Colors are enabled on all capable terminals when using S-Lang. - Syntax highlighting now works with ncurses. - Editor. - Editor files are now stored in ~/.mc/cedit instead of ~/.cedit to avoid collision with Cooledit. - New syntax rules - PHP, Tcl, SQL, DOS batch file. - Editor supports word completion. - VFS. - Local temporary file is used for uploading via ftpfs/fish only if file is uploaded to the same ftp/fish server. - mcfs support is disabled by default. - Samba configuration and codepage files locations can be configured. - .netrc support in ftpfs is enabled by default. - Viewing zip files could corrupt them. - Documentation. - Added manuals in Spanish, Italian and Russian. - Help files are not distributed, but generated during the build from the manual pages. - Translations. - Belarussian translation has been added. Version 4.5.55 - Mostly bugfixes and portability fixes. Making things work as they were meant to work. - Text edition improvements. - Ctrl-O supported in the viewer and editor. - Better terminal support. Should not need "Learn Keys" on rxvt and xterm in most cases. - GNOME edition improvements. - Find dialog rewritten. - Editor and viewer ask whether to save modified file when closed from window manager. - Editor. - New syntax rules - S-Lang, PO files, Octave. - Alt-B goes to matching bracket. - Portability improvements. - Should compile out-of-box on Cygwin and QNX Neutrino. - Can be compiled by BSD make. - Subshell and VFS code are safer and more portable. - Experimental features (disabled by default). - Charset conversion support. - Large (64-bit) file support on 32-bit systems. Version 4.5 - Too many new features to list. - This is the last version to be actively maintained. The GNOME edition is in stabilization and maintenance phase only. A new file manager is being written for the GNOME project. Version 3.5 - New hotlist code. - The bookmark code has been completely revamped and now it supports folders. New format for the hot list file. - It is possible to copy a selected path name into the input line (C-Enter). - Tk enhancements. - New built in GUI designer to help developers modify the look of the program at run time (no penalty for users). - Many dialog boxes now work. - Right button now pops up a context sensitive action menu. - Added many visual enhancements. - The Tk edition is not yet finished though. - File management. - Now we do background copy and move operations. (you can ftp your files in the background now, for example). - Built in text editor - This is an easy to use text editor with pull-down menus. The features it presently supports are: Block copy, move, delete, cut, paste; key for key undo; file insertion; macro definition; regular expression search and replace (and our own scanf-printf search and replace); shift-arrow MSW-MAC text highlighting (for the Linux console only); insert-overwrite toggle; and an option to pipe text blocks through shell commands like indent. Comes with Emacs keybindings as well. mcedit is a link to mc which bring it up in editor mode. - FTP File system - Many fixes and enhancements, better support for proxy machines. - Now we support both active and passive opens. - Estimated time of arrival for ftp transfers. - stalled detection. - Much better support for proxies. - ftp URLs now allow a password to be provided. - ext2fs Undelete File system - Minor enhancements. - TAR File system - Now we flush the tarfs if the tar file has been modified - External File systems: - Speeded up RPM file system. - New LHA file system. - New ARC file system. - New DEB file system (for those users of Debian). - New RAR file system. - Fixed problems with different zipfs. - MC file system: - We get can use a mc file system by using either mc: or mc:// prefixes. - Viewer changes: - Now we include a program that preprocesses mail if you view it so, you get colored mails in the viewer. - A simple ruler has been implemented (press Alt-r to enable it). - New hex editor - Now you can do hex editions in your files with a single keystroke. (invoke it by using the hex-viewer and then clicking on edit). - Find file command: - Now we can search inside files using a piped grep (particularly interesting to search inside virtual file system: tar files, tar files on remote ftp sites, or searching information on an ftp site) - Widgets: - Input lines now support control-left, control-right movement on the Linux console. - Extension file: - We now support extra entries in a given rule with the Include= tag. - Ports: - Windows NT, Windows 95 by Juan Grigera - OS/2 by Alexander Dong. - Many many many bug fixes and memory leaks have been fixed. Version 3.2 - External File system: - Mtools file system works. - New Cpio file system. - New RPM file system. - FTP file system: - support for HSC firewall - Lots of subshell fixes - Regexp-extension: - Editing of non-local files works now. - Bunch of bug fixes. - Panelize now works properly. - Can work on Nextstep now. - Windows NT port by Juan Grigera. - Midnight Commander file system server: - Fixed errno handling in the server. - Fixed time handling in the server. - Better caching. - Works with PAM if supported on the system. Version 3.1 This has been finished: - Enhanced ftpfs: - Displays progress bars. - Supports Netware and Windows NT servers - Better support for symlinked files. - Handles those warez sites file names. - Increase the directory cache timeout. - Cache flushing (C-r) - If you append a /~ to the directory, you will log into your home directory (this is done by default if you use the menus to connect). - More robust. - Subshell fixes (it should not hang any longer). - Fixes prompt handling for zsh and tcsh users. - Fixes variable expansion for tcsh (now you may edit files). - Rewrote the sync code between the parent and child, should not hang any longer. - Better command completion. - Keypad handling enhanced: - Special key treatment for +, -, \ and now may be configure to only take place if you do not have a command typed in. - Now the + and \ bindings when ran on the Linux console work may use the keypad and M-+ and M-\ and leave the + and \ keys free. - Better handling of the line drawing chars on OSF/1 and AIX. - Enhanced tar/compressed tar file systems. - Global kill ring. - Added undelete feature for Linux systems: now you may recover deleted files on ext2 file systems with the Undelete file system. - Symlink commands (for symlink lovers). see the docs on C-x C-r, C-x C-l, C-x C-s keystrokes. - New macros: %b and %B return the basename of the selected filename %var{ENV-VAR} expands to the contents of ENV-VAR variable. - MC may be invoked as a viewer (mc -f flag). - Added Unicode support on the Linux console (run with mc -N) - Tons of bug fixes, the code is cleaner and hopefully - Allow a vfs pathname to be passed as a startup directory. This is a list of people that put their effort into making the 3.1 release: Adam Tla/lka, Antonio Palama, Carl Thompson, Ching Hui, Dugan Porter, Gerd Knorr, Ilya Rybkin, Jakub Jelinek, Janne Kukonlehto, Juan Grigera, Juan Jose Ciarlante, John Davis, Marcelo Fabian Roccasalva, Perry Francis Nguyen, Sergey Ya Korshunoff Steven Hirsch, Thanh Ma and Torben Fjerdingstad. Version 3.0 This has been finished: - Virtual File System: You now can browse tar, compressed tar and file systems over the network as if they were local subdirectories; - Slang support, you don't need ncurses anymore (but you can still compile with ncurses, if you want). - New mc.ext format, for details see the sample mc.ext file provided. - Append option if you try to copy/move a file onto already existing one. - Internal cd command uses CDPATH variable if set (like in BASH). - Find file command is much faster. - External panelize command - finding files using unlimited number of criteria - actually spawns an external command and it can be find, awk, grep -l or anything else. - Learn keys makes setting up of mc on terminals with broken terminfo/termcap databases easier. It just asks you to press keys which are not working. - Advanced chown command. - C-PgUp and C-PgDn takes you to the previous and currently selected directory respectively on the Linux console. - You can choose between 7 data bits, iso-latin-1 (0-127+160-255) or other (0-255). - Confirmation for overwriting, deleting and exiting added. - Viewer has growing buffers. - Filename, username, hostname and variable completion (M-Tab) on all input lines plus command completion on appropriate places of command line. - Following of symlinks at changing directory. - Viewer now supports bold faces and underlines, and it fits the information on the screen better. Now you can also specify the starting mode for the viewer depending on the contents of the viewed file. - Mask rename and copy. - Colors now let you specify the intensity of the colors you want. This is being worked on: - Virtual File System: FTP file system. - Tcl/Tk and XView versions of the program (preliminary versions are up and running). Version 2.0 Now users are able to define their own display - User defined display formats. Now you can configure the file display to suit your needs. For example, you can say which information you want to see displayed instead of our defaults. - User definable program layout. Panels could be shown vertically or horizontally; panels could be different sizes, you can hide or show most program windows (command line, keybar or menubar). - Output window. Now, it's possible to see part of the last program output on the Linux console without having to switch screens via an option in the layout menu. - New View modes: Quick view: as you browse your files, each one is displayed on the other panel on the idle time. Tree view: let's you browse your directories by traveling a tree. We have two traveling modes available. And the tree does not take your precious time: it's build on the fly, as you browse your disk (you can always loose your time if you want to :-). Info view: Gives you information on the currently select file and the current file system as you move. User view: Let's you define a directory listing and the format you want to use. - New subshell support (concurrent shell execution) The Midnight Commander will now spawn one copy of the shell, so you get better performance and you can use shell functions, define variables and execute complete shell commands. Supported shells: bash, zsh and tcsh. If your shell is not supported, then the old mode is still available. - Dialog box manager Almost all the new configuration options are configured with this new dialog manager, easy to use if you are familiar with dialog boxes in DOS and Windows. Available widgets: check buttons, buttons, radio buttons, input lines and list boxes (So you can take our code and use it on your applications). - New option configuration. Now the program options are configured with a dialog box. - Chmod and Chown commands: For changing permissions as well as ownership of files and directories, uses our new dialog manager. - Color customization support Now you can change the default color of the program with any of these: environment variable, Colors section in the init file (colors per terminal type) and command line. - User menu and extension enhancements: Execution understand the %t macro (tagged files). User menu also has a new macro to let the user specify options. You can hide and show entries in the user menus by using conditions. Auto detect best match depending on a regexp. - Viewer: Goto line command, horizontal scrolling, on the fly decompression (and we don't eat unneeded cycles of CPU), allow non gunzip operation. - Internal move command: Now, we don't rely anymore on system commands in /bin, so the program is more robust and is much faster. Bunches of code come from the GNU fileutils. - The Tree view and normal views allows wrapped incremental searches of file names. - Mask rename: Now it's possible to do things like rename *.pas in *.bak - Compare directories command - Allow panels to be in Long mode without forcing the user to a single panel. (You can even have two long panels). - F10, C-g cancels as well as ESC ESC. - Improved help system. We updated and spelled the help system and added a lots of links. The Web page is constructed with the same tools. - Allows tagging of directories: Now you can copy, rename, move and delete complete directories. You are not limited anymore to files. - View output (screen save/restore) on Linux console. On old Linux systems, only b&w is supported, on newer Linux systems (1.1.67 and newer), we also support color screen save/restore and cursor positions. - 8 bit clean support. - Visual feedback while i-searching files. - Much more intuitive, you have to use it. - It's better than aspirin. - New memory allocation debugger. During testing time, we used a powerful memory allocation debugger, so the program will not eat all your memory, and will make a good use of your memory. - Now it also runs on hppa-hp-hpux9, hppa-hp-hpux7, m68k-apple-aux and sparc-sun-netbsd1.0. The best platform to run it is Linux, of course, since that's where most of us develop it. - Inode sort option. - Nice progress status indicator. We have two of them: a moving dash indicator and a progress bar indicator for file operations. Version 0.15 - Uses GNU autoconf. Currently, it has been ported to this configurations: i386-*-linux1.0 i386-*-linux1.1 mips-sgi-irix5.2 mips-dec-ultrix4.3 rs6000-ibm-aix3.2.5 sparc-sun-sunos4.1 sparc-sun-solaris2.3 - Improvements to the internal file viewer: Wrap/Unwrap mode. Hex mode. Hex searches. Now you can view compressed files (gzip, compress, zip, pack and lzh). Performance enhancements, now it's much faster. Works on systems without mmap. - Mouse Support now also works on xterms. If you run in the Linux console, you will still need the gpm mouse server to use the mouse support, but if you use xterms, then you're lucky and can use the mouse support when using xterms. - Help system and man page. Both were updated and has many more hypertext links inside, the help system can also be used with a mouse. - If running on xterms, now you can see the output of the last program you ran by using the C-o key combination. - Switch panels command (C-u) - With filter command per panel. - With auto mounting/umounting on chdir feature. - cd now expands tildes (~, ~user). - Much more portable. - Many bugs were fixed. Version 0.14 - Now can handle directories with an unlimited number of files. - New link and symlink commands (C-x l, C-x s). - New insert tagged files or selection command (C-x t). Version 0.13 - Behave more like the Norton Commander. - Added menu file edit. - If there is no permission to load a directory, now it loads a dummy directory. - When a panel is re-sorted, keep the selected file selected. - forward_word and backward_word command on the input line now skip over letters and numbers. - Fixed backward scrolling in the internal viewer. - The internal viewer now computes the percentage in a more natural way. - Added handling of the Home and End keys to the internal viewer - Bug fixes. Version 0.12 - Preliminary support for System V compilation. - Bug fix: didn't call closedir in all cases. - bug fixes. Version 0.11 - Support cd -. - Corrected Makefile. Version 0.10 - Added new Alt-G, Alt-H, Alt-J to select the top file, middle file and bottom file in the current panel. - Now it's allowed to select option in query boxes by the first initial - Fixed mouse repeat rate. - Fixed a bug that prevent copying individual files to another file. - Some minor bug fixes. Version 0.9 - Mouse Support. - Internal Copy command (it no longer uses cp). - Verbose Copying of files. - Confirmation on Overwrite and on Delete. - Support reverse sorting. - Many visual enhancements. - Per panel options are saved and restored. - New truncation of names in the panels. - History in Input Lines (M-p and M-n). - Input line enhancements. - Dialog boxes are nicer than before. - Cache in gid and uid translators. - More keybindings for the Input lines. - Better kill management in Input Lines. - Bug fixes. Version 0.8 - The online help now comes with the complete man page. - Input lines now support M-b and M-f for movement by word. - Unlimited input lines (command line). - Filename searches now must be started with C-s or M-s. - Many bug fixes. Version 0.7 - The stat() reloading optimization is now a configuration option. - Many bug fixes went to the find file command. - New history in the hypertext viewer. - ESC-Tab will copy the name of the other-panel selected file to the input line. - Now it's possible to display files and directories mixed together or separated (like the Norton Commander). - Many bug fixes, see the ChangeLog for details. Version 0.6 - Extension dependent execution implemented (now you can execute things like tar tzvf over compressed tar files, just a tap in the Enter key). - Added simple expansion of useful variables in the user menu. - Avoid unnecessary reloading of subdirectories using stat (suggested by Torben Fjerdingstad ). - Added options to disable colors and display version number. - Allow start up directory specification (ex: mc /usr/local/bin /tmp). - Fixed bug that operated on the selection instead of the tagged file (when only one file was tagged). - Some cosmetic changes. - Bug fixes. Version 0.5 - Fixed bug in the help browser that crashed the program. - New internal viewer. - New long directory listing format. - some bug fixes. Version 0.4 - User Menus (F2 key). - Quick search of files in a panel (Alt-filename takes you to that file). - Char quoting (C-q). - exec() enhancements. - now you can suspend the program (C-z). - The find file command now seems to be very stable. - misc bug fixes. Version 0.3 - Setup loading/saving. - Support for any size screen. - Many, many bug fixes. PK[ххFAQnuW+AGNU Midnight Commander Frequently Asked Questions The newest version of this document is available at http://www.midnight-commander.org/browser/doc/FAQ * 1 Getting started + 1.1 What is Midnight Commander? + 1.2 Does it run on my machine? + 1.3 Does it work with my terminal? + 1.4 What else do I need to run MC? + 1.5 Is GNU Midnight Commander Public Domain? Copyrighted? + 1.6 Where can I get GNU Midnight Commander? + 1.7 I cannot compile MC. What should I do? * 2 Keyboard + 2.1 What does documentation mean with the C-?, M-? and F? keys? + 2.2 Why don't function keys (or some other key) work? + 2.3 How do I use function keys F11 to F20? + 2.4 Why does the ESC key behave funny? + 2.5 How can I add the plus sign (+) on the command line? + 2.6 C-o doesn't work! + 2.7 What 'keys' are the "a1" and "c1" keys mentioned in the manual? + 2.8 How do I change the key bindings? * 3 Mouse + 3.1 How do I enable mouse support? + 3.2 How do I cut and paste text with mouse? + 3.3 How do I get the extension dependent pop-up menu to pop up? * 4 Display + 4.1 Why do I keep getting "Terminal not powerful enough for SLang" or "Terminal not powerful enough for SLsmg"? + 4.2 Why don't line drawing characters work? + 4.3 Can one use latin-1 characters without losing the lines? + 4.4 I have problems with entering/viewing national characters! + 4.5 How can I get colors? + 4.6 My color_xterm goes completely (or partially) black! + 4.7 Where can I get xterm or rxvt? + 4.8 I got colors working with MC but the other programs don't work at all anymore! + 4.9 Why are there both terminfo and termcap? Wouldn't one database be enough? * 5 Graphical user interface + 5.1 Xview, Tk and Gnome editions? + 5.2 Why is MC linked with X libraries? * 6 Command line problems + 6.1 How do I stay in the last directory when I exit Midnight Commander? + 6.2 How can I access command line history? + 6.3 How can I complete commands, file names, variable names and so on? + 6.4 I am using ksh. Can I use functions defined in the .kshrc within MC? + 6.5 Is there any way to include additional options or hot keys to MC? + 6.6 When I use Ctrl-O I don't get a subshell. How do I fix this? + 6.7 Ctrl-O doesn't work at all. What happens? * 7 Virtual file systems + 7.1 How can I see the contents of a tar archive? + 7.2 How do I get out of a tar archive? + 7.3 How do I do anonymous ftp with MC? + 7.4 How do I do non-anonymous ftp with MC? + 7.5 How do I close an ftp connection? + 7.6 Why aren't the contents of ftp panel updated? + 7.7 What kind of proxy server works with Midnight Commander? * 8 Internal editor + 8.1 When I try pasting to the internal editor, it indents the amount of indenting increases with each line! + 8.2 Is it possible to use Colorer for syntax highlighting? * 9 Other common problems + 9.1 Is there any way to 'bookmark' favorite ftp-fs links? + 9.2 When I start Midnight Commander, nothing happens! * 10 Development + 10.1 Who has written Midnight Commander? + 10.2 Do I dare to use a development version? + 10.3 How can I report a bug/request for a feature? + 10.4 How can I join the development? * 11 More information + 11.1 This document didn't answer my question. Where else can I look for an answer? + 11.2 What mailing lists are there for Midnight Commander? + 11.3 Where should I look on the World Wide Web for MC stuff? + 11.4 Are the mailing lists archived anywhere? * 12 Legal issues + 12.1 Authorship + 12.2 Feedback is invited + 12.3 Disclaimer and copyright 1 Getting started 1.1 What is Midnight Commander? GNU Midnight Commander is a user-friendly yet powerful file manager and visual shell, useful to novice and guru alike. It provides a clear, user-friendly, and somewhat protected interface to a Unix system while making many frequent file operations more efficient and preserving the full power of the command prompt. After some practice, you will wonder how you could ever live without it. 1.2 Does it run on my machine? GNU Midnight Commander runs on POSIX (Unix-like) operating systems, such as GNU/Linux, FreeBSD, Mac OS X, Solaris, HP-UX and others. It can also be compiled under Cygwin on Windows. GNU Midnight Commander uses GNU Autoconf which should automatically configure it for every Unix clone. Following configurations have been tested in the past (this list is very old): * i386-*-linux1.x, 2.x * alpha-linux-linux2 * sparc-linux-linux2.x * sparc64-linux-linux2.1 * mips-sgi-irix5.x, 6.x * mips-dec-ultrix4.3 * rs6000-ibm-aix3.2.5 * sparc-sun-sunos4.1 * sparc-sun-solaris2.3, 2.4, 2.5 * sparc-sun-netbsd1.0 * hppa-hp-hpux9 * hppa-hp-hpux7 * m68k-apple-aux * unixware * mc88110-aviion-dgux5.4R2.01 * i386-*-sco3.2v4.2 * i386-*-sco3.2v5 1.3 Does it work with my terminal? Yes, it does. Because GNU Midnight Commander is a full screen program it doesn't run on dummy terminals but anything more advanced will do (like vt100). If your terminal works with vi, emacs, elm or pine it will work with GNU Midnight Commander. 1.4 What else do I need to run MC? You need a POSIX (Unix compatible) operating system. If you are running Windows, use Cygwin. To compile any edition you need to have glib 2.x installed. It's available at ftp://ftp.gtk.org/pub/gtk/. If you want to use mouse on the Linux console you need the gpm daemon from ftp://ftp.systemy.it/pub/develop/. You need nothing extra to use mouse on xterm. If you do not want to use the S-Lang library you could try using ncurses version 4.1 and above. 1.5 Is GNU Midnight Commander Public Domain? Copyrighted? Midnight Commander is under GNU Public License which basically means that you may freely copy, change and distribute it, but that you may not impose any restrictions on further distribution, and that you must make the source code available. This is not the same as Public Domain. For details, the GNU license is included in GNU Midnight Commander source distribution (the COPYING file). Midnight Commander is now officially a part of the GNU project. All the authors of GNU Midnight Commander have given all their rights on the program to the Free Software Foundation. 1.6 Where can I get GNU Midnight Commander? The main site is http://www.midnight-commander.org 1.7 I cannot compile MC. What should I do? Make sure you have read the INSTALL file in the sources. Report the error messages exactly as they appear, mention the versions of your OS, your compiler and whatever else software you think is relevant. If you have compile problems in the VFS code, try disabling it by using "--disable-vfs" option. f2 Keyboard 2.1 What does documentation mean with the C-?, M-? and F? keys? GNU Midnight Commander documentation uses emacs style names for keyboard keys. C stands for the Ctrl key. For example, C-f means that you should hold down the Ctrl key and press the f key. M stands for the Meta key. Your terminal might call it Alt or Compose instead of Meta. For example, M-f means that you should hold down the Meta/Alt/Compose key and press the f key. If your terminal doesn't have Meta, Alt or Compose or they don't work you can use Esc. For M-f press the Esc key and then press the f key. Sometimes Ctrl and Alt are used instead of C and M for simplicity. Keep in mind that Alt can actually be Meta on some keyboards. F? stands for a function key. If your terminal doesn't have function keys or they don't work you can use Esc. For example, for F3 press the Esc key and then press the 3 key. 2.2 Why don't function keys (or some other key) work? Your terminfo or termcap database has missing or incorrect definitions for function keys. Type "mc -V" to see what terminal database is being used. If the result is "using the S-Lang library with terminfo database" and you are using a very old terminfo database, consider installing one of the enhanced terminfo files included in GNU Midnight Commander source distribution. For example, if you are using xterm type "tic xterm.ti". If the result is "using the S-Lang library with termcap database" you should fix your /etc/termcap database. Up-to-date termcap and terminfo databases are available here: http://www.catb.org/~esr/terminfo/ ftp://ftp.gnu.org/pub/gnu/ncurses/ If you don't have permissions to edit terminal databases you can use Learn keys feature of Midnight Commander instead. Press Esc 9 o k and follow instructions. If all else fails you can emulate function keys by first pressing the ESC key and then one of the number keys. For example, if you want to produce F9, press ESC, then 9. If you don't have a ESC key on your keyboard you can try alt-9 or meta-9. 2.3 How do I use function keys F11 to F20? These are normally mapped to function keys F1 to F10 with Shift held, e.g. function key F13 can be activated by pressing Shift-F3. You can define the keys this way in the Options->Learn Keys dialog. The convention for PC keyboards is that F11-20 always means Shift with F1-10. You may find that on the Linux console with some keyboard layouts Shift-Fn is interpreted as F(n+12), not as F(n+10). This is a result of non-uniformity of keyboard layouts. This is not an intended behavior and it may be fixed some day. In the meantime, use "Learn Keys" to remedy this inconvenience. 2.4 Why does the ESC key behave funny? Midnight Commander uses the ESC key as a prefix for simulating the Meta and Alt keys (for terminals which don't have Meta or Alt, see the three previous questions). For example, pressing ESC-a is the same as pressing Meta-a. In addition most terminals use ESC for internal representation of arrow keys, function keys and other enhanced keys. If you want to use ESC to cancel things you have to press it twice i.e. ESC-ESC. If you find this cumbersome you can generally use F10 to cancel. Alternatively turn on the old_esc_mode setting in the ~/.mc/ini file. The old_esc_mode setting makes ESC work as a prefix only if another key is pressed within 0.5 seconds. After 0.5 seconds the ESC key cancels. There is no way to make ESC cancel immediately (if we want to be able to use arrows keys and function keys). 2.5 How can I add the plus sign (+) on the command line? Press C-q first, then press the + sign. The plus key is the hotkey for the select files command. If you want to add a literal plus on to the command line you must quote it by pressing C-q first. Another common key which needs the C-q prefix is backslash "\". 2.6 C-o doesn't work! Maybe C-o is a stty control character on your terminal. See man stty for details on how to list and change stty control characters. 2.7 What 'keys' are the "a1" and "c1" keys mentioned in the manual? The "a1" key is the key which has the "a1" caption on it. The "c1" key is the key which has the "c1" caption on it. If you have to ask what these two keys are your keyboard hasn't probably got them. Actually, I have never seen a keyboard which has got them. 2.8 How do I change the key bindings? There is no generic way to reconfigure the key bindings. You can use the "Learn Keys" dialog to assign keys to some actions listed in that dialog. However, most actions cannot be redefined to use different keys. 3 Mouse 3.1 How do I enable mouse support? Invoke mc like this (without quotes): "mc -x". If this doesn't work upgrade to a terminal which compatible with the Xterm mouse sequences. Alternatively, on Linux console you can use gpm. 3.2 How do I cut and paste text with mouse? Hold down shift key while using mouse to cut and paste. 3.3 How do I get the extension dependent pop-up menu to pop up? It was developed for the GNOME edition. The text-mode edition doesn't support this feature yet. 4 Display 4.1 Why do I keep getting "Terminal not powerful enough for SLang" or "Terminal not powerful enough for SLsmg"? This means that your terminfo databases do not contain the correct definitions for your terminal. You could try using a different terminal setting. If you use csh or tcsh: setenv TERM vt100 or if you use sh, bash, ksh or zsh: export TERM=vt100 4.2 Why don't line drawing characters work? Since version 4.0.13 there's the command line option -a to force use of charaters +, |, - for line drawing (only available when compiled with S-Lang). Use the -a option if any of the suggestions below doesn't help. In general, there are three cases: * Lines are shown as ASCII characters like this +---------+ | | +---------+ This also happens when you use the -a option. Other than that possible reason is 1 or 2 (see below). * Lines are shown as lower case characters like this lqqqqqqqqqk x x mqqqqqqqqqj Possible reason is 1 or 2 (see below). * Lines are shown as blanks or missing characters. Possible reason is 2 or 3 (see below). The reason for the problem is one of following: 1. Your terminal might not support line drawing characters. VT100 compatible terminals, rxvt and xterm and color_xterm do support them. 2. Your terminfo or termcap database might have missing or incorrect definitions for line drawing characters. Set the acsc variable in the terminfo database like this: acsc=a\376k\277l\332m\300j\331n\305w\302v\301u\264t\303q\304x \263h\2600\333 Don't forget issue 'tic' command. This supposes you are using PC character set. The octal values might be different for other character sets. If you are using termcap instead of terminfo, you should modify above solution appropriately. 3. Your terminal font might not support line drawing characters. Try changing the font. Here is Miguel's answer to Torben on this subject. Torben: When I load consolefonts/iso01.f16, I get perfectly right national characters, but the line drawing characters in mc get wrong. Is it a mc problem, or is it a problem with the font? (I guess it is). Is there a trick? Miguel: First of all, we should determine whether the font has line drawing characters or not. If it has line drawing characters, then a new terminfo entry should be written for this specific case. Let's call this linux-iso01. The acsc variable should be modified to reflect which characters are used to do the line drawing. If it does not have line drawing characters, then we should get rid of the switch to acsc sequences and make the acsc sequence be just a mapping to the ugly +, -, |, - characters. You can get your terminfo definition by running the infocmp program, making the proper changes and running the tic program to compile your new terminfo database. 4.3 Can one use latin-1 characters without losing the lines? Yes, you need a correct font and a correct termcap/terminfo database. For font, if you use xterm try "xterm -fn fixed". For termcap/terminfo database, change the acsc capability in the database. 4.4 I have problems with entering/viewing national characters! Upgrade to version 4.0.12 or newer. From the Options - Display Bits dialog select Full 8 bits or ISO 8859-1. In addition, select 8 bit input from the same dialog. 4.5 How can I get colors? Invoke mc like this (without quotes): "mc -c". If you get colors, be happy. If your terminal stays black and white, your terminal doesn't support color. You might want to upgrade to a terminal which compatible with the ANSI color sequences. If your terminal goes completely black, see the next question. More detailed answer: Check that your terminal supports color. color_xterm, rxvt and Linux console do support, most other terminals don't. You can test color support with following simple C program: #include int main (void){ printf ("\033[32m Hello world! \033[m\n"); return 0; } Compile and run it. If you see "Hello world!" text in green your terminal supports color, otherwise not (however, for color_xterm see also the next question). Check whether you are using Ncurses or the S-Lang library (type "mc -V" to find out). With S-Lang library you can force color support by setting the environment variable COLORTERM to any value. If you use ncurses library, check that your terminfo database supports color. If not, you should install one of the enhanced terminfo databases included in GNU Midnight Commander source distribution. You might want to set the TERM environment variable so that you are using the correct terminfo database or termcap entry. If you use color_xterm (or rxvt) the correct value might be xterm-color, xtermc or simply xterm. If you use Linux console the correct value for TERM is linux or console. 4.6 My color_xterm goes completely (or partially) black! Some color_xterm terminals define all colors as black instead of the standard ANSI colors. This makes them go completely black when you try to use Midnight Commander with colors. You will have to override the defaults. Create a file "color.defaults" which has the following contents: color_xterm*color0: Black color_xterm*color1: Red color_xterm*color2: Green color_xterm*color3: Yellow color_xterm*color4: Blue color_xterm*color5: Magenta color_xterm*color6: Cyan color_xterm*color7: White color_xterm*background: White color_xterm*foreground: Black (replace color_xterm with the name of your color_xterm, color_xterm mentions its name in its title bar) Now type: xrdb -merge color.defaults Alternatively you can add the suggested contents of the color.defaults file to your .Xdefaults or .Xresources file (or what ever the name of your X configuration file is). Or you can replace your non-ANSI color_xterm with an ANSI color_xterm. 4.7 Where can I get xterm or rxvt? xterm is included with the X Window System, so you probably already have it if you have X. This version is not actively maintained, but Thomas Dickey maintains his more advanced version of xterm at ftp://dickey.his.com/xterm/ rxvt has its own site http://www.rxvt.org/ - get the latest version there. 4.8 I got colors working with MC but the other programs don't work at all anymore! Midnight Commander uses terminfo database (if available) but many other programs use termcap database. If you set the TERM environment variable to a value which has no corresponding entry in termcap database those programs stop working. You should add the new value of TERM to the termcap database. Example: If you have set TERM to xterm-color locate from /etc/termcap the line which starts: xterm|vs100|xterm terminal emulator Change it to start: xterm|xterm-color|vs100|xterm terminal emulator 5 Graphical user interface 5.1 Xview, Tk and Gnome editions? Xview and Tk and GNOME editions have been removed from the sources. 5.2 Why is MC linked with X libraries? GNU Midnight Commander is linked with X libraries to read key modifiers from the X Server. It may be helpful to distinguish between keys that the terminal emulator reports in the same way, e.g. PgUp and Ctrl-PgUp. Versions of GNU Midnight Commander after 4.6.0 will load X libraries dynamically on the systems that support it. 6 Command line problems 6.1 How do I stay in the last directory when I exit Midnight Commander? See the description of the -P option in the Options section of the manual. 6.2 How can I access command line history? Meta-h shows the last commands you executed from the command line. Duplicates are suppressed from the history. Commands executed from the subshell prompt are not shown. You can put previous commands to the command line with Meta-p. Meta-n moves you forward in history. Since version 4.1.15 all the input widgets have permanent history. You can summon the history listbox by pressing M-h. 6.3 How can I complete commands, file names, variable names and so on? Just press M-Tab. Press M-Tab again to get a listbox if there are multiple possible completions. 6.4 I am using ksh. Can I use functions defined in the .kshrc within MC? Sorry, MC only supports bash, tcsh and zsh functions. Ksh functions are not supported because ksh lacks the necessary hooks needed for subshell integration. Switch to bash or zsh. They are both quite compatible with ksh. Your ksh functions should work as such or after minimal changes. 6.5 Is there any way to include additional options or hot keys to MC? Yes, F2 invokes an user menu, which is fully configurable. You can add any shell commands to the user menu. See the mc(1) man page for more info. Another way to add functionality is the external panelize feature. See the mc(1) man page for more info. And finally, you can code any feature you want yourself. MC source code is free which means you can change it anyway you want. There are some limitations to make sure MC stays free. See GNU General Public License for details. 6.6 When I use Ctrl-O I don't get a subshell. How do I fix this? Only bash, tcsh and zsh can be used as subshell. Use one of those shells as your default shell, and it will be used as subshell in GNU Midnight Commander. 6.7 Ctrl-O doesn't work at all. What happens? Ctrl-O works if either the subshell is used or the terminal can save the output of the commands so it can be restored. If neither is true, there is absolutely nothing interesting behind the panels! Only few terminals support screen saving. It's xterm, rxvt and other xterm-like terminals and virtual terminals on Linux and FreeBSD. 7 Virtual file systems 7.1 How can I see the contents of a tar archive? If you use keyboard just move the selection bar on the tar file and press enter. If you use mouse just double-click on the tar file. The recognized suffixes for tar archives are .tar, .tar.gz and .tgz. You can also enter a tar archive by typing "cd filename#utar" where filename is the name of the archive. In this case, the suffix is not important. 7.2 How do I get out of a tar archive? Just press enter on the toplevel ".." file or change to a non-tar directory. Just typing "cd" with no parameters is enough (it will take you to your home directory). 7.3 How do I do anonymous ftp with MC? Just type "cd ftp://hostname" where hostname is the name of the host you want to connect. Alternatively, select FTP link from the Left or Right menu and type the name of the host you want to connect. 7.4 How do I do non-anonymous ftp with MC? Non-anonymous ftp works just like the anonymous ftp but you give the login name with the host name. For example, type "cd ftp://username@hostname". 7.5 How do I close an ftp connection? Just change to a non-ftp directory. Simply typing "cd" with no parameters is enough (it will take you to your home directory). GNU Midnight Commander closes ftp connection automatically after a timeout or on exit. It's possible to force disconnect by selecting "Command" -> "Active VFS List" in the menu and using the "Free VFSs Now" button. 7.6 Why aren't the contents of ftp panel updated? Update is skipped because there would be a serious performance penalty. Constantly updating directory panels through a ftp connection would take too much time. You can use C-r to force an update. 7.7 What kind of proxy server works with Midnight Commander? There are two kinds of ftp proxies: proxies for ftp clients and proxies for web browsers. Midnight Commander only supports ftp proxies which are meant for ftp clients. Common WWW proxies (like Squid) are not supported. A rule of thumb is that if a ftp proxy requires a web browser, it won't work with Midnight Commander. 8 Other common problems 8.1 When I try pasting to the internal editor, it indents the amount of indenting increases with each line! Either turn off 'Return does autoindent' in the editor options or update GNU Midnight Commander to version 4.6.0 or above - it doesn't autoindent when you are holding Shift. 8.2 Is it possible to use Colorer for syntax highlighting? Yes if you submit the patch. There are no legal problems with it because it's licensed under GPL now. The homepage of Colorer is http://colorer.sourceforge.net/ 9 Other common problems 9.1 Is there any way to 'bookmark' favorite ftp-fs links? Use the directory hotlist. Just press control-backslash. If your national keyboard layout doesn't have backslash key, just press the control key with the key which is the backslash key in the English keyboard layout. 9.2 When I start Midnight Commander, nothing happens! When MC is compiled with Samba support, have a look at the "interfaces = ..." line in your smb.conf file. MC uses pretty old Samba code that only expects IP addresses and host names there, but not network interface names (like eth0). MC interprets these names as host names and tries to resolve them using a DNS server. To fix this, ask your system administrator to change the interface names to their assigned IP addresses, or (untried) add the interface names and their IP addresses to the /etc/hosts file. First, invoke MC without subshell support: "mc -u". If this helps check the shell you are using. Subshell support works best with bash, although tcsh and zsh are also supported. You might want to upgrade your shell to a newer version. If you use something else than bash, tcsh or zsh, subshell support is disabled automatically. Another reason is problems with gpm. Try using "--nomouse" option to see if it makes any difference. Restarting gpm can help. Sometimes it's enough to move the mouse. Also, if you have the DISPLAY environment variable set, but the X server is unreachable (e.g. it's firewalled), this can also cause a delay at startup. Unset DISPLAY to see if that's the case. 10 Development 10.1 Who has written Midnight Commander? Midnight Commander was started by Miguel de Icaza and he is the maintainer of the package. Other authors have joined the project later: * Mauricio Plaza (early releases) * Janne Kukonlehto (joined Sep 27 1994) * Radek Doulik (joined Oct 30 1994) * Fred Leeflang (joined Nov 2 1994) * Dugan Porter (joined Dec 1 1994) * Jakub Jelinek (joined Feb 8 1995) * Ching Hui (joined Jun 27 1995) * Andrej Borsenkow (joined Jul 1996) * Paul Sheer (joined Nov 1 1996) * Norbert Warmuth * Alex I. Tkachenko Alessandro Rubini has been specially helpful with debugging and enhancing of the mouse support. John E. Davis has made his S-Lang library available to us and answered many questions about it. Many people have contributed bug reports, feature suggestions and small code bits (alphabetical order): * Thomasz Cholewo * Juan Jose Ciarlante * Alexander Dong (OS/2 port, NT port updates) * Erwin van Eijk * Torben Fjerdingstad * Massimo Fontanelli * Juan Grigera (NT port) * Gerd Knorr * Sergey Ya. Korshunoff * Jean-Daniel Luiset * Wim Osterholt * Antonio Palama (old DOS port) * Thomas Pundt * Marcelo Roccasalva * Ilya Rybkin * Vadim Sinolits * Jon Stevens * Adam Tla/lka Current list of active developers can be found here: http://www.midnight-commander.org/wiki/McDevelopers This page lists everbody who has provided a patch or has written code for the midnight-commander in the past: http://www.midnight-commander.org/wiki/McContributors 10.2 Do I dare to use a development version? Yes, of course. Feel free to test: http://www.midnight-commander.org/wiki#Download As we do our development in git, please do a git checkout of the master branch and build it But always remember: development versions may have nasty bugs at some points of time. It's up to you to judge whether the new features and fixes for the bugs you know outweigh the risk of unknown bugs. 10.3 How can I report a bug/request for a feature? You might first want to get the newest development version to see if the bug is fixed or the feature is added already. If this is not the case, feel free to add a ticket in our ticket-system, which is located here: http://www.midnight-commander.org/newticket If you want to send an email instead write your report to mc-devel@gnome.org or mc@gnome.org. These mailing lists are the most certain way to contact the developers. Remember to mention if you are not on the mailing list to make sure that you will receive a copy of replies. Give as much details as possible. A too long message is a lot better than a too short message. For segmentation faults a stack backtrace is appreciated. You can produce stack backtrace as follows: * If segmentation fault produced a core file: 1. Load the core file by typing "gdb mc core" or "dbx mc core". 2. Type "where". 3. Cut and paste the results to your message. * If segmentation fault didn't produce a core file: 1. Load mc by typing "gdb mc" or "dbx mc". 2. Start mc by typing "run". 3. Try to reproduce the segmentation fault by doing whatever you did last time when the segmentation fault occurred. 4. Type "where". 5. Cut and paste the results to your message. 6. For the future you might want to check out what is the command in your shell to allow producing of the core files. Usually it is "limit coredumpsize unlimited" or "ulimit coredumpsize" or "ulimit -c unlimited". 10.4 How can I join the development? To join the development just code the feature you want to add and send your patch for inclusion. Email address is mc-devel@gnome.org. Before you start coding check the latest development version. It might be that your feature has already been implemented. Note that the authors of GNU Midnight Commander have given all their rights on the program to the Free Software Foundation. You will have to do the same if you contribute non-trivial patches. Otherwise we have to reject your patches in order to avoid copyright problems. 11 More information 11.1 This document didn't answer my question. Where else can I look for an answer? Read messages from the Discussion (mailing list archive) or read the Manual. Upgrade to a newer version of Midnight Commander. Many problems are fixed in the new versions. If you still can't find an answer, post your question to the Midnight Commander mailing list. Its address is mc@gnome.org. 11.2 What mailing lists are there for Midnight Commander? Following mailing lists discuss about Midnight Commander: mc@gnome.org General discussion of GNU Midnight Commander To subscribe visit http://mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/mc/ mc-devel@gnome.org Technical development discussion To subscribe visit http://mail.gnome.org/mailman/listinfo/mc-devel/ mc-commits@googlegroups.com mailing list only for applyed commits into master/stable branches To subscribe visit http://groups.google.com/group/mc-commits/subscribe mc-bugs@googlegroups.com Mailing list only for tickets and comments (use it as RSS :) ) To subscribe visit http://groups.google.com/group/mc-bugs/subscribe 11.3 Where should I look on the World Wide Web for MC stuff? There is a WWW page for Midnight Commander. The URL is: http://www.midnight-commander.org/ 11.4 Are the mailing lists archived anywhere? The mc and mc-devel lists are archived on the World Wide Web. There are links to the archives on the mailing list pages (see 10.2). 12 Legal issues 12.1 Authorship Questions and Answers was written by Janne Kukonlehto. Parts of it originate from Ian Jackson, Miguel de Icaza, Dugan Porter, Norbert Warmuth and Paul Sheer. 12.2 Feedback is invited Send your comments about this document and GNU Midnight Commander to mc@gnome.org 12.3 Disclaimer and copyright Note that this document is provided as is. The information in it is not warranted to be correct; you use it at your own risk. You can use Questions and Answers according to GNU General Public License (see the COPYING file in GNU Midnight Commander source distribution). Questions and Answers is not public domain. PK[VRFRFCOPYINGnuW+A GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE Version 2, June 1991 Copyright (C) 1989, 1991 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed. Preamble The licenses for most software are designed to take away your freedom to share and change it. By contrast, the GNU General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software--to make sure the software is free for all its users. This General Public License applies to most of the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it. (Some other Free Software Foundation software is covered by the GNU Library General Public License instead.) You can apply it to your programs, too. When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price. 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If the Program specifies a version number of this License which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of this License, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation. 10. If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission. For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this. Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally. NO WARRANTY 11. BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION. 12. IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES. END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms. To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found. Copyright (C) This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the GNU General Public License for more details. You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 51 Franklin Street, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail. If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode: Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) year name of author Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type `show w'. This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type `show c' for details. The hypothetical commands `show w' and `show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License. Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than `show w' and `show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items--whatever suits your program. You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary. Here is a sample; alter the names: Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program `Gnomovision' (which makes passes at compilers) written by James Hacker. , 1 April 1989 Ty Coon, President of Vice This General Public License does not permit incorporating your program into proprietary programs. If your program is a subroutine library, you may consider it more useful to permit linking proprietary applications with the library. If this is what you want to do, use the GNU Library General Public License instead of this License. PK[ V||READMEnuW+APK[L>GNEWSnuW+APK[ххvFAQnuW+APK[VRFRFzNCOPYINGnuW+APK