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git(1)
======
NAME
----
git - the stupid content tracker
SYNOPSIS
--------
[verse]
'git' [--version] [--exec-path[=GIT_EXEC_PATH]] [--html-path]
[-p|--paginate|--no-pager] [--no-replace-objects]
[--bare] [--git-dir=GIT_DIR] [--work-tree=GIT_WORK_TREE]
[--help] COMMAND [ARGS]
DESCRIPTION
-----------
Git is a fast, scalable, distributed revision control system with an
unusually rich command set that provides both high-level operations
and full access to internals.
See linkgit:gittutorial[7] to get started, then see
link:everyday.html[Everyday Git] for a useful minimum set of commands, and
"man git-commandname" for documentation of each command. CVS users may
also want to read linkgit:gitcvs-migration[7]. See
the link:user-manual.html[Git User's Manual] for a more in-depth
introduction.
The COMMAND is either a name of a Git command (see below) or an alias
as defined in the configuration file (see linkgit:git-config[1]).
Formatted and hyperlinked version of the latest git
documentation can be viewed at
`http://www.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/docs/`.
ifdef::stalenotes[]
[NOTE]
============
You are reading the documentation for the latest (possibly
unreleased) version of git, that is available from 'master'
branch of the `git.git` repository.
Documentation for older releases are available here:
* link:v1.7.1/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.1]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.7.1.txt[1.7.1].
* link:v1.7.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.7.0.6]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.6.txt[1.7.0.6],
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.5.txt[1.7.0.5],
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.4.txt[1.7.0.4],
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.3.txt[1.7.0.3],
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.2.txt[1.7.0.2],
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.1.txt[1.7.0.1],
link:RelNotes-1.7.0.txt[1.7.0].
* link:v1.6.6.2/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.6.2]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.6.2.txt[1.6.6.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.6.1.txt[1.6.6.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.6.txt[1.6.6].
* link:v1.6.5.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.5.8]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.8.txt[1.6.5.8],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.7.txt[1.6.5.7],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.6.txt[1.6.5.6],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.5.txt[1.6.5.5],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.4.txt[1.6.5.4],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.3.txt[1.6.5.3],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.2.txt[1.6.5.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.1.txt[1.6.5.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.5.txt[1.6.5].
* link:v1.6.4.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.4.4]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.4.4.txt[1.6.4.4],
link:RelNotes-1.6.4.3.txt[1.6.4.3],
link:RelNotes-1.6.4.2.txt[1.6.4.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.4.1.txt[1.6.4.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.4.txt[1.6.4].
* link:v1.6.3.4/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.3.4]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.3.4.txt[1.6.3.4],
link:RelNotes-1.6.3.3.txt[1.6.3.3],
link:RelNotes-1.6.3.2.txt[1.6.3.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.3.1.txt[1.6.3.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.3.txt[1.6.3].
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.2.5.txt[1.6.2.5],
link:RelNotes-1.6.2.4.txt[1.6.2.4],
link:RelNotes-1.6.2.3.txt[1.6.2.3],
link:RelNotes-1.6.2.2.txt[1.6.2.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.2.1.txt[1.6.2.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.2.txt[1.6.2].
* link:v1.6.1.3/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.1.3]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.1.3.txt[1.6.1.3],
link:RelNotes-1.6.1.2.txt[1.6.1.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.1.1.txt[1.6.1.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.1.txt[1.6.1].
* link:v1.6.0.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.6.0.6]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.6.txt[1.6.0.6],
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.5.txt[1.6.0.5],
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.4.txt[1.6.0.4],
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.3.txt[1.6.0.3],
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.2.txt[1.6.0.2],
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.1.txt[1.6.0.1],
link:RelNotes-1.6.0.txt[1.6.0].
* link:v1.5.6.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.6.6]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.6.txt[1.5.6.6],
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.5.txt[1.5.6.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.4.txt[1.5.6.4],
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.3.txt[1.5.6.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.2.txt[1.5.6.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.1.txt[1.5.6.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.6.txt[1.5.6].
* link:v1.5.5.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.5.6]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.6.txt[1.5.5.6],
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.5.txt[1.5.5.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.4.txt[1.5.5.4],
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.3.txt[1.5.5.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.2.txt[1.5.5.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.1.txt[1.5.5.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.5.txt[1.5.5].
* link:v1.5.4.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.4.7]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.7.txt[1.5.4.7],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.6.txt[1.5.4.6],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.5.txt[1.5.4.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.4.txt[1.5.4.4],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.3.txt[1.5.4.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.2.txt[1.5.4.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.1.txt[1.5.4.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.4.txt[1.5.4].
* link:v1.5.3.8/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.3.8]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.8.txt[1.5.3.8],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.7.txt[1.5.3.7],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.6.txt[1.5.3.6],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.5.txt[1.5.3.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.4.txt[1.5.3.4],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.3.txt[1.5.3.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.2.txt[1.5.3.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.1.txt[1.5.3.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.3.txt[1.5.3].
* link:v1.5.2.5/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.2.5]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.2.5.txt[1.5.2.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.2.4.txt[1.5.2.4],
link:RelNotes-1.5.2.3.txt[1.5.2.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.2.2.txt[1.5.2.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.2.1.txt[1.5.2.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.2.txt[1.5.2].
* link:v1.5.1.6/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.1.6]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.6.txt[1.5.1.6],
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.5.txt[1.5.1.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.4.txt[1.5.1.4],
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.3.txt[1.5.1.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.2.txt[1.5.1.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.1.txt[1.5.1.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.1.txt[1.5.1].
* link:v1.5.0.7/git.html[documentation for release 1.5.0.7]
* release notes for
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.7.txt[1.5.0.7],
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.6.txt[1.5.0.6],
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.5.txt[1.5.0.5],
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.3.txt[1.5.0.3],
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.2.txt[1.5.0.2],
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.1.txt[1.5.0.1],
link:RelNotes-1.5.0.txt[1.5.0].
* documentation for release link:v1.4.4.4/git.html[1.4.4.4],
link:v1.3.3/git.html[1.3.3],
link:v1.2.6/git.html[1.2.6],
link:v1.0.13/git.html[1.0.13].
============
endif::stalenotes[]
OPTIONS
-------
--version::
Prints the git suite version that the 'git' program came from.
--help::
Prints the synopsis and a list of the most commonly used
commands. If the option '--all' or '-a' is given then all
available commands are printed. If a git command is named this
option will bring up the manual page for that command.
+
Other options are available to control how the manual page is
displayed. See linkgit:git-help[1] for more information,
because `git --help ...` is converted internally into `git
help ...`.
--exec-path::
Path to wherever your core git programs are installed.
This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_EXEC_PATH
environment variable. If no path is given, 'git' will print
the current setting and then exit.
--html-path::
Print the path to wherever your git HTML documentation is installed
and exit.
-p::
--paginate::
Pipe all output into 'less' (or if set, $PAGER) if standard
output is a terminal. This overrides the `pager.`
configuration options (see the "Configuration Mechanism" section
below).
--no-pager::
Do not pipe git output into a pager.
--git-dir=::
Set the path to the repository. This can also be controlled by
setting the GIT_DIR environment variable. It can be an absolute
path or relative path to current working directory.
--work-tree=::
Set the path to the working tree. The value will not be
used in combination with repositories found automatically in
a .git directory (i.e. $GIT_DIR is not set).
This can also be controlled by setting the GIT_WORK_TREE
environment variable and the core.worktree configuration
variable. It can be an absolute path or relative path to
the directory specified by --git-dir or GIT_DIR.
Note: If --git-dir or GIT_DIR are specified but none of
--work-tree, GIT_WORK_TREE and core.worktree is specified,
the current working directory is regarded as the top directory
of your working tree.
--bare::
Treat the repository as a bare repository. If GIT_DIR
environment is not set, it is set to the current working
directory.
--no-replace-objects::
Do not use replacement refs to replace git objects. See
linkgit:git-replace[1] for more information.
FURTHER DOCUMENTATION
---------------------
See the references above to get started using git. The following is
probably more detail than necessary for a first-time user.
The link:user-manual.html#git-concepts[git concepts chapter of the
user-manual] and linkgit:gitcore-tutorial[7] both provide
introductions to the underlying git architecture.
See linkgit:gitworkflows[7] for an overview of recommended workflows.
See also the link:howto-index.html[howto] documents for some useful
examples.
The internals are documented in the
link:technical/api-index.html[GIT API documentation].
GIT COMMANDS
------------
We divide git into high level ("porcelain") commands and low level
("plumbing") commands.
High-level commands (porcelain)
-------------------------------
We separate the porcelain commands into the main commands and some
ancillary user utilities.
Main porcelain commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::cmds-mainporcelain.txt[]
Ancillary Commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
Manipulators:
include::cmds-ancillarymanipulators.txt[]
Interrogators:
include::cmds-ancillaryinterrogators.txt[]
Interacting with Others
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These commands are to interact with foreign SCM and with other
people via patch over e-mail.
include::cmds-foreignscminterface.txt[]
Low-level commands (plumbing)
-----------------------------
Although git includes its
own porcelain layer, its low-level commands are sufficient to support
development of alternative porcelains. Developers of such porcelains
might start by reading about linkgit:git-update-index[1] and
linkgit:git-read-tree[1].
The interface (input, output, set of options and the semantics)
to these low-level commands are meant to be a lot more stable
than Porcelain level commands, because these commands are
primarily for scripted use. The interface to Porcelain commands
on the other hand are subject to change in order to improve the
end user experience.
The following description divides
the low-level commands into commands that manipulate objects (in
the repository, index, and working tree), commands that interrogate and
compare objects, and commands that move objects and references between
repositories.
Manipulation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::cmds-plumbingmanipulators.txt[]
Interrogation commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::cmds-plumbinginterrogators.txt[]
In general, the interrogate commands do not touch the files in
the working tree.
Synching repositories
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
include::cmds-synchingrepositories.txt[]
The following are helper commands used by the above; end users
typically do not use them directly.
include::cmds-synchelpers.txt[]
Internal helper commands
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
These are internal helper commands used by other commands; end
users typically do not use them directly.
include::cmds-purehelpers.txt[]
Configuration Mechanism
-----------------------
Starting from 0.99.9 (actually mid 0.99.8.GIT), `.git/config` file
is used to hold per-repository configuration options. It is a
simple text file modeled after `.ini` format familiar to some
people. Here is an example:
------------
#
# A '#' or ';' character indicates a comment.
#
; core variables
[core]
; Don't trust file modes
filemode = false
; user identity
[user]
name = "Junio C Hamano"
email = "junkio@twinsun.com"
------------
Various commands read from the configuration file and adjust
their operation accordingly. See linkgit:git-config[1] for a
list.
Identifier Terminology
----------------------